国际标准化组织（英文：International Organization for Standardization，简称ISO，成立于1947年2月23日，是制作全世界工商业国际标准的各国国家标准机构代表的国际标准建立机构，总部设于瑞士日内瓦，成员包括162个会员国。该组织自我定义为非政府组织，官方语言是英语、法语和俄语。参加者包括各会员国的国家标准机构和主要公司。
ISO会员分布图。绿色是会员（members），黑色是非会员，黄色是通讯会员（correspondent members），红色是预定加入会员（subscriber members）。
中华人民共和国在1978年9月1日以中国标准化协会的名义参加ISO，并在1982年9月当选并连任理事国（1983年～1994年）。1985年和1989年，分别改由国家标准局和国家技术监督局参加。2001年起，在ISO代表中华人民共和国会籍的会员机构是国家标准化管理委员会。
香港和澳门均是ISO通讯成员（correspondent members）。
中华民国原是ISO创始国之一，但目前中华民国已不是ISO成员，但《中华民国国家标准》通常仍参考ISO标准。
ISO与负责电子设备标准的国际电工委员会密切合作。
ISO的国际标准以数字表示。例如，“ISO 11180:1993”的“11180”是标准号码，而“1993”是出版年份。
国际标准化组织的简称ISO来自于希腊语的单词isos，意为“相同”，并不是英语或法语名称的缩写。
2013年09月21日中国标准化专家委员会委员、国际钢铁协会副主席张晓刚，日前当选国际标准化组织（ISO）主席，是ISO自1947年成立以来首由中国人任主席。ISO是国际经贸活动的重要规则。59岁的张晓刚，曾任鞍钢集团总经理，是中共十八届纪委委员。
因为中文不是ISO的官方语言，所以ISO标准没有正式中文名称。
ISO是一个国际标准化组织，其成员由来自世界上100多个国家的国家标准化团体组成，代表中国参加ISO的国家机构是国家质量监督检验检疫总局。ISO与国际电工委员会（IEC）有密切的联系，中国参加IEC的国家机构也是国家质量监督检验检疫总局。ISO和IEC作为一个整体担负着制订全球协商一致的国际标准的任务，ISO和IEC都是非政府机构，它们制订的标准实质上是自愿性的，这就意味着这些标准必须是优秀的标准，它们会给工业和服务业带来收益，所以他们自觉使用这些标准。ISO和IEC不是联合国机构，但它们与联合国的许多专门机构保持技术联络关系。ISO和IEC有约1000个专业技术委员会和分委员会，各会员国以国家为单位参加这些技术委员会和分委员会的活动。ISO和IEC还有约3000个工作组，ISO、IEC每年制订和修订1000个国际标准。
标准的内容涉及广泛，从基础的紧固件、轴承各种原材料到半成品和成品，其技术领域涉及信息技术、交通运输、农业、保健和环境等。每个工作机构都有自己的工作计划，该计划列出需要制订的标准项目（试验方法、术语、规格、性能要求等）。
ISO的主要功能是为人们制订国际标准达成一致意见提供一种机制。其主要机构及运作规则都在一本名为ISO/IEC技术工作导则的文件中予以规定，其技术结构在ISO是有800个技术委员会和分委员会，它们各有一个主席和一个秘书处，秘书处是由各成员国分别担任，目前承担秘书国工作的成员团体有30个，各秘书处与位于日内瓦的ISO中央秘书处保持直接联系。
通过这些工作机构，ISO已经发布了17000多个国际标准，如ISO公制螺纹、ISO的A4纸张尺寸、ISO的集装箱系列（目前世界上95%的海运集装箱都符合ISO标准）、ISO的胶片速度代码、ISO的开放系统互联（OS2）系列（广泛用于信息技术领域）和有名的ISO9000质量管理系列标准。
此外，ISO还与450个国际和区域的组织在标准方面有联络关系，特别与国际电信联盟（ITU）有密切联系。在ISO/IEC系统之外的国际标准机构共有28个。每个机构都在某一领域制订一些国际标准，通常它们在联合国控制之下。一个典型的例子就是世界卫生组织（WHO）。ISO/IEC 制订的85%的国际标准，剩下的15%由这28个其他国际标准机构制订。
国际标准化活动最早开始于电子领域，于1906年成立了世界上最早的国际标准化机构——国际电工委员会（IEC）。其他技术领域的工作原先有成立于1926年的国家标准化协会的国际联盟（International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations，简称ISA）承担，重点在于机械工程方面。ISA的工作由于二次大战在1942年终止。1946年，来自25个国家的代表在伦敦召开会议，决定成立一个新的国际组织，其目的是促进国际间的合作和工业标准的统一。于是，ISO这一新组织于1947年2月23日正式成立，总部设在瑞士的日内瓦。ISO于1951年发布了第一个标准——工业长度测量用标准参考温度。
ISO宗旨是：在世界范围内促进标准化工作的发展，以利于国际物资交流和互助，并扩大知识、科学、技术和经济方面的合作。
ISO主要任务是：制定国际标准，协调世界范围内的标准化工作，与其他国际性组织合作研究有关标准化问题。
ISO组织机构如下：
合格评定委员会（CASCO）
消费者政策委员会（COPOLCO）
发展中国家事务委员会（DEVCO）
信息系统和服务委员会（INFCO）
特别咨询小组
ISO的组织结构
ISO的组织结构
技术管理局
技术委员会TC
理事会
中央秘书处
ISO全体大会
ISO的组织机构分为非常设机构和常设机构。ISO的最高权力机构是ISO全体大会（General Assembly），是ISO的非常设机构。1994年以前，全体大会每3年召开一次。全体大会召开时，所有ISO团体成员、通信成员、与ISO有联络关系的国际组织均派代表与会，每个成员有3个正式代表的席位，多于3位以的代表以观察员的身份与会；全体大会的规模大约200～260人。大会的主要议程包括年度报告中涉及的有关项目的活动情况、ISO的战略计划以及财政情况等。ISO中央秘书处承担全体大会、全体大会设立的4个政策制定委员会、理事会、技术管理局和通用标准化原理委员会的秘书处的工作。自1994年开始根据ISO新章程，ISO全体大会改为一年一次。
ISO的主要官员有5位，他们是：ISO主席（President）；ISO副主席（政策）（Vice President，Policy），ISO副主席（技术）（Vice President，Technical Management）；ISO司库（Treasurer）；ISO秘书长（Secretary—General），所有主要官员由理事会任命，享有终身任期；ISO秘书长负责主持ISO的日常工作。
国际标准由技术委员会(TC)和分技术委员会(SC)经过六个阶段形成：
第一阶段：申请阶段；
第二阶段：预备阶段；
第三阶段：委员会阶段；
第四阶段：审查阶段；
第五阶段：批准阶段；
第六阶段：发布阶段。
截止2013年5月，ISO共有163个成员国[2]。
ISO Members by Country
Country A2 Code Country A3 Code Country Code No. Country Name (English) Standards Body ISO Status
AF AFG 004 Afghanistan ANSA Correspondent Member
AL ALB 008 Albania DPS Correspondent Member
DZ DZA 012 Algeria IANOR Member Body
AD AND 020 Andorra IRAM Member Body
AO AGO 024 Angola IANORQ Correspondent Member
AG ATG 028 Antigua & Barbuda ABBS Subscriber Member
AR ARG 032 Argentina IRAM Member Body
AM ARM 051 Armenia SARM Member Body
AU AUS 036 Australia SA Member Body
AT AUT 040 Austria ON Member Body
AZ AZE 031 Azerbaijan AZSTAND Member Body
BS BHS 044 Bahamas - [1]
BH BHR 048 Bahrain BMSD Member Body
BD BGD 050 Bangladesh BSTI Member Body
BB BRB 052 Barbados BNSI Member Body
BY BLR 112 Belarus BELST Member Body
BE BEL 056 Belgium NBN Member Body
BZ BLZ 084 Belize - [1]
BJ BEN 204 Benin CEBENOR Correspondent Member
BT BTN 064 Bhutan SQCA Correspondent Member
BO BOL 068 Bolivia IBNORCA Correspondent Member
BA BIH 070 Bosnia & Herzegovina BASMP Member Body
BW BWA 072 Botswana BOBS Member Body
BR BRA 076 Brazil ABNT Member Body
BN BRB 096 Brunei Darussalam CPRU Correspondent Member
BG BGR 100 Bulgaria BDS Member Body
BF BFA 854 Burkina Faso FASONORM Correspondent Member
BI BDI 108 Burundi BBN Subscriber Member
KH KHM 116 Cambodia ISC Subscriber Member
CM CMR 120 Cameroon CDNQ Correspondent Member
CA CAN 124 Canada SCC Member Body
CV CPV 132 Cape Verde - [1]
CF CAF 140 Central African Republic - [1]
TD TCD 148 Chad - [1]
CL CHL 52 Chile INN Member Body
CN CHN 156 China SAC Member Body
CO COL 170 Colombia ICONTEC Member Body
KM COM 174 Comoros - [1]
CG COG 178 Congo, Republic of the - [1]
CD(ZR) COD 180 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire) OCC Member Body
CR CRI 188 Costa Rica INTECO Member Body
CI CIV 384 Côte d'Ivoire CODINORM Member Body
HR HRV 191 Croatia HZN Member Body
CU CUB 192 Cuba NC Member Body
CY CYP 196 Cyprus CYS Member Body
CZ CZE 203 Czech Republic CNI Member Body
DK DNK 208 Denmark DS Member Body
DJ DJI 262 Djibouti - [1]
DM DMA 212 Dominica DBOS Subscriber Member
DO DOM 214 Dominican Republic DIGINOR Correspondent Member
EC ECU 218 Ecuador INEN Member Body
EG EGY 818 Egypt EOS Member Body
SV SLV 222 El Salvador CONACYT Correspondent Member
GQ GNQ 226 Equatorial Guinea - [1]
ER ERI 232 Eritrea ESI Correspondent Member
EE EST 233 Estonia EVS Correspondent Member
ET ETH 231 Ethiopia QSAE Member Body
FJ FJI 242 Fiji FTSQCO Member Body
FI FIN 246 Finland SFS Member Body
FR FRA 250 France AFNOR Member Body
GA GAB 266 Gabon CNTT Correspondent Member
GM GMB 270 Gambia, The - [1]
GE GEO 268 Georgia GEOSTM Correspondent Member
DE DEU 276 Germany DIN Member Body
GH GHA 288 Ghana GSB Member Body
GR GRC 300 Greece ELOT Member Body
GD GRD 308 Grenada - [1]
GT GTM 320 Guatemala COGUANOR Correspondent Member
GN GIN 324 Guinea INNM Correspondent Member
GW GNB 624 Guinea-Bissau DSNPQ Correspondent Member
GY GUY 328 Guyana GNBS Subscriber Member
HT HTI 332 Haiti - [1]
HN HND 340 Honduras COHCIT Subscriber Member
HK HKG 344 Hong Kong, China ITCHKSAR Correspondent Member
HU HUN 348 Hungary MSZT Member Body
IS ISL 352 Iceland IST Member Body
IN IND 356 India BIS Member Body
ID IDN 360 Indonesia BSN Member Body
IR IRN 364 Iran, Islamic Republic of ISIRTI Member Body
IQ IRW 368 Iraq COSQC Member Body
IE IRL 372 Ireland NSAI Member Body
IL ISR 376 Israel SII Member Body
IT ITA 380 Italy UNI Member Body
JM JAM 388 Jamaica JBS Member Body
JP JPN 392 Japan JISC Member Body
JO JOR 400 Jordan JISM Member Body
KZ KAZ 398 Kazakhstan KAZMEMST Member Body
KE KEN 404 Kenya KEBS Member Body
KI KIR 296 Kiribati - [1]
KP PRK 408 Korea, Democratic People's Republic CSK Member Body
KR KOR 410 Korea, Republic of KATS Member Body
KW KWT 414 Kuwait KOWSMD Member Body
KG KGZ 417 Kyrgyzstan KYRGYZST Correspondent Member
LA LAO 418 Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic) DISM Subscriber Member
LV LVA 428 Latvia LVS Correspondent Member
LB LBN 422 Lebanon LIBNOR Member Body
LS LSO 426 Lesotho LSQAS Subscriber Member
LR LBR 430 Liberia - [1]
LY LBY 434 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya LNCSM Member Body
LI LIE 438 Liechtenstein - [1]
LT LTU 440 Lithuania LST Correspondent Member
LU LUX 442 Luxembourg SEE Member Body
MO MAC 446 Macau (Macau China) CPTTM Correspondent Member
MK MKD 807 Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of ISRM Member Body
MG MDG 450 Madagascar BNM Correspondent Member
MW MWI 454 Malawi MBS Correspondent Member
MY MYS 458 Malaysia DSM Member Body
MV MDV 462 Maldives - [1]
ML MLI 466 Mali MLIDNI Correspondent Member
MT MLT 470 Malta MSA Member Body
MH MHL 584 Marshall Islands - [1]
MR MRT 478 Mauritania - [1]
MU MUS 480 Mauritius MSB Member Body
MX MEX 484 Mexico DGN Member Body
FM FSM 583 Micronesia, Federated States Of - [1]
MD MDA 498 Moldova, Republic of MOLDST Correspondent Member
MC MCO 492 Monaco - [1]
MN MNG 496 Mongolia MASM Member Body
(YS)[2] - - Montenegro ISME Correspondent Member
MA MAR 504 Morocco SNIMA Member Body
MZ MOZ 508 Mozambique INNOQ Correspondent Member
MM MMR 104 Myanmar MSTRD Correspondent Member
NA NAM 516 Namibia NSIQO Correspondent Member
NR NRU 520 Nauru - [1]
NP NPL 524 Nepal NBSM Correspondent Member
NL NLD 528 The Netherlands NEN Member Body
NZ NZL 554 New Zealand SNZ Member Body
NI NIC 558 Nicaragua DTNM Correspondent Member
NE NER 562 Niger DNQM Correspondent Member
NG NGA 566 Nigeria SON Member Body
NO NOR 578 Norway SN Member Body
OM OMN 512 Oman DGSM Member Body
PK PAK 586 Pakistan PSQCA Member Body
PW PLW 585 Palau - [1]
PS PSE 275 Palestinian State[3] PSI Correspondent Member
PA PAN 591 Panama COPANIT Member Body
PG PNG 598 Papua New Guinea NISIT Correspondent Member
PY PRY 600 Paraguay INTN Correspondent Member
PE PER 604 Peru INDECOPI Member Body
PH PHL 608 The Philippines BPS Member Body
PL POL 616 Poland PKN Member Body
PT PRT 620 Portugal IPQ Member Body
QA QAT 634 Qatar QS Member Body
RO ROU 642 Romania ASRO Member Body
RU RUS 643 Russian Federation GOST R Member Body
RW RWA 646 Rwanda RBS Correspondent Member
KN KNA 659 St. Kitts & Nevis - [1]
LC LCA 662 St. Lucia SLBS Member Body
VC VCT 670 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines SVGBS Subscriber Member
WS WSM 882 Samoa - [1]
SM SMR 674 San Marino - [1]
ST STP 678 São Tomé & Príncipe - [1]
SA SAU 682 Saudi Arabia SASO Member Body
SN SEN 686 Senegal ASN Correspondent Member
CS SCG 891 Serbia ISS Member Body
SC SYC 690 Seychelles SBS Correspondent Member
SL SLE 694 Sierra Leone - [1]
SG SGP 702 Singapore SPRING SG Member Body
SK SVK 703 Slovakia SUTN Member Body
SI SVN 705 Slovenia SIST Member Body
SB SLB 090 Solomon Islands - [1]
SO SOM 706 Somalia - [1]
ZA ZAF 710 South Africa SABS Member Body
ES ESP 724 Spain AENOR [1]. Member Body
LK LKA 144 Sri Lanka SLSI Member Body
SD SDN 736 Sudan SSMO Member Body
SR SUR 740 Suriname SSB Subscriber member
SZ SWZ 748 Swaziland SQAS Correspondent Member
SE SWE 752 Sweden SIS Member Body
CH CHE 756 Switzerland SNV Member Body
SY SYR 760 Syrian Arab Republic SASMO Member Body
TW TWN 158 Taiwan - [1]
TJ TJK 762 Tajikistan TJKSTN Correspondent Member
TZ TZA 834 Tanzania, United Republic of TBS Member Body
TH THA 764 Thailand TISI Member Body
TL(TP) TLS 206 Timor Leste, Democratic Republic of (East Timor) - [1]
TG TGO 768 Togo CSN Correspondent Member
TO TON 776 Tonga - [1]
TT TTO 780 Trinidad & Tobago TTBS Member Body
TN TUN 788 Tunisia INNORPI Member Body
TR TUR 792 Turkey TSE Member Body
TM TKM 795 Turkmenistan MSST Correspondent Member
TV TUV 798 Tuvalu - [1]
UG UGA 800 Uganda UNBS Correspondent Member
UA UKR 804 Ukraine DSSU Member Body
AE ARE 784 United Arab Emirates ESMA Member Body
UK GBR 826 United Kingdom (Great Britain) BSI Member Body [4][5]
US USA 840 United States ANSI Member Body
UY URY 858 Uruguay UNIT Member Body
UZ UZB 860 Uzbekistan UZSTANDARD Member Body
VU VUT 548 Vanuatu - [1]
VA VAT 336 Vatican City (Holy See) - [1]
VE VEN 862 Venezuela FONDONORMA Member Body
VN VNM 704 Vietnam TCVN Member Body
EH ESH 732 Western Sahara - [1]
YE YEM 887 Yemen YSMO Correspondent Member
ZM ZMB 894 Zambia ZABS Correspondent Member
ZW ZWE 816 Zimbabwe SAZ Member Body
1.Does not have representation in ISO under any membership class as of January 2008.
2.Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia were part of Former Yugoslavia. Although it is a country, ISO 3166-1993 (E) does not separately list Montenegro.
3.Although not technically a Country, the Palestinian State has representation in ISO as if it was.
4.Although technically the official country name for the 'UK' is the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland' it is referred to as 'Great Britain' by the ISO.
5.Although technically they are Countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are not listed separately from Great Britain in ISO 3166-1993 (E) and do not have their own ISO representation.
